How to tackle digital transformation threats

Digital threats: a call for strategic vigilance of the public sector 

Misuse of artificial intelligence, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, escalating privacy concerns...

Many pressing challenges surround the development of digitalisation. AI misuse can lead to biased decision-making, and the potential for automated systems to be exploited for malicious purposes. Cybersecurity vulnerabilities expose individuals, organisations, and even critical infrastructure to data breaches, financial fraud, and disruptive attacks. Meanwhile, escalating privacy concerns arise from the extensive collection, storage, and potential misuse of personal data, threatening individuals’ autonomy and security.  

Addressing these risks requires not only recognition but also proactive, strategic approaches that build public trust and ensure the responsible use of technology. 

Digitalisation threats: the EU response 

The European Union has taken significant steps to tackle these interconnected challenges with a cohesive regulatory framework:

• The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) enforces stringent privacy standards.
• The Network and Information Systems (NIS) Directive has strengthened cybersecurity by mandating baseline security measures across critical sectors.
• The AI Act addresses the risks associated with AI misuse by categorising systems according to their risk profiles and enforcing rigorous oversight of high-risk applications, mitigating issues such as discrimination, bias, and harmful outcomes. 

Securing a trustworthy digital future: a mission for public authorities 

To achieve a secure digital landscape, public authorities must adopt comprehensive strategies at both regional and national levels. Regarding GDPR compliance, regional councils and local authorities or affiliated bodies can set up dedicated helpdesks to assist businesses and civil society organisations address regulatory questions. These helpdesks provide template documents, host workshops, and deliver e-learning modules to strengthen knowledge and compliance capabilities. Such initiatives also empower SMEs and non-profit organisations to manage personal data responsibly and securely. 

The GDPR also underpins Open Data strategies by requiring public administrations to adopt rigorous anonymisation standards when publishing datasets. This ensures compliance and builds public confidence in the way personal data is handled within open data frameworks.  

In the realm of cybersecurity, practical implementation must combine technological solutions with robust organisational policies and targeted financial tools. Initiatives such as France's Chèque Cyber - Cybersecurity Vouchers (CDREUROPE project) offer a blueprint for supporting SMEs in performing vulnerability assessments and developing tailored risk management strategies. Additionally, awareness campaigns targeting citizens with accessible resources can promote safe online behaviours across diverse demographics. 

Facilitating compliance with the AI Act 

By issuing sector-specific guidelines, authorities can provide clarity on the AI Act’s risk-based approach, enabling developers, businesses, and public agencies to navigate its requirements effectively. Compliance checklists and toolkits can standardise risk assessments, helping stakeholders identify high-risk AI systems and meet regulatory obligations. 

Furthermore, sponsoring certification programmes will equip AI practitioners with the skills necessary to design and deploy AI systems that adhere to the Act’s principles. A relevant example can be found in Ireland with the AI Foundation Certificate designed specifically for public servants (ENAIBLER). 

Be ready to face the challenge! 

Public administrations must be equipped with the right tools, encompassing technical, financial, and human resources. Addressing this challenge requires not only investing in cutting-edge technologies and building resilient infrastructures but also ensuring adequate funding mechanisms to support long-term initiatives. Equally important is the cultivation of skilled personnel, from data protection officers and cybersecurity experts to AI compliance specialists, who can navigate the complexities of digital transformation with confidence and expertise. 

Integrating digital transformation as a core element of governance frameworks enables public administrations to meet challenges effectively while establishing a secure, inclusive, and forward-looking digital landscape.