Basilica di San Michele in Pavia. Preserving memory: a 3D digital reconstruction
About this good practice
The case study presented describes the experimentation of 3D digital reconstruction carried out on a portion of the facade of the Basilica. The facade is characterized by numerous sandstone bas-reliefs, that have been deteriorating throughout the years, composing narrative cycles of historical kings and myths of the Lombard Kingdom.
The GP is held in cooperation with the Associazione Il Bel San Michele Onlus (IBSM), stakeholder, which is responsible for the enhancement and care of the Basilica.
The goal is to obtain an information system for conservation management protocols and for dissemination of this disappearing Heritage.
Methodology: geometric and material survey, documentation of the state of conservation and analyses with non-invasive techniques, reality-based three-dimensional reconstruction, virtual scenario, managment tools.
Results: technical and scientific impact for the management of the Heritage by the IBSM Association; use of the 3D digital results for a tourist sustainable route in the city.
The result allows to perceive shapes of the tile that are now illegible and understand the volumes as they should have been. The different conservation status of the tile can be appreciated on the physical object or in virtual mode, through VR system and FDM 3D printing.
The project aimed to develop a comprehensive protocol for the documentation, restoration and recovery of the Basilica, to facilitate a deeper understanding of the monument at different scales of detail.
Resources needed
Contract between Department DICAr UNIPV and REA – Restauro e Arte Srl and DICAr and Superintendence of Archeology, Fine Arts and Landscape (Pavia).
Cariplo Foundation Emblematic Projects: The San Michele system: cultural and scientific programme (total 1 million euro).
Total for GP: 51.000,00 euro
Evidence of success
The funds received by the IBSM allowed the planned restoration work to progress successfully. The quality of the work of the restoration was validated by the relevant bodies. The data from the survey and documentation processes represent a base used to win the emblematic Cariplo Project.
The reconstruction of the bas-relief has become of particular interest to the point of being used as a case study financed by Cariplo for a free exhibition inside the Basilica about historical memory.
Potential for learning or transfer
This practice offers a highly transferable model for the preservation and valorisation of Cultural Heritage through digital technologies. The integration of 3D digital reconstruction, non-invasive diagnostics, and VR/3D printing enables accurate documentation and visualization of fragile decorative elements that are no longer legible or visible. The approach provides a valuable tool not only for restoration planning but also for education and cultural dissemination.
By creating an integrated information system combining historical, material, and geometric data, it fosters interdisciplinary collaboration and ensures long-term knowledge retention.
This methodology can be adapted by other regions to digitally safeguard their vulnerable Heritage while enhancing public access and engagement. It contributes to the collective Historical memory, allowing communities to rediscover and reconnect with lost or inaccessible aspects of their cultural identity through immersive tangible experiences.
