Hungarian Cluster Consolidation
Hungary's strategic approach to cluster consolidation has resulted in significant economic benefits and is positioning its clusters for greater international competitiveness. A good practice presentation delivered by the National Development Centre highlights the impactful results of a deliberate policy shift and the revitalization of the Hungarian Cluster Certification System.
The initiative, part of the Interreg Europe Accelerate GDT project, addressed the challenge of a fragmented cluster landscape from 2013, which saw approximately 200 clusters with only 34 accredited, an average of 37 members, and a combined turnover of HUF 4,500 billion. A fundamental change in government policy between 2014 and 2020 aimed to cultivate a more focused and impactful cluster ecosystem.
Key to this transformation was the encouragement of mergers among clusters and a comprehensive renewal of the Hungarian Cluster Certification System. This revamped system introduced stricter criteria and new ratings – "Registered cluster," "Professional cluster," and "Innovation cluster" – which emphasized cluster size, cooperation depth, research and development potential, international visibility, and the readiness of cluster management organizations.
The measurable impacts of these strategic interventions are significant. The number of accredited clusters decreased from 34 to 26 between 2015 and 2021, a clear indication of successful consolidation. By 2024, Hungary has approximately 27 clusters, with 10 already certified and 17 more expected in 2024. The average number of members per cluster has significantly grew from 37 in 2013 to 80 in 2024, demonstrating enhanced collaboration. The total membership across clusters grew from 1,261 to 1,450, but with less and economically more powerful clusters.
Looking ahead, Hungary aims for economic operators involved in cluster cooperation to generate 10% of all aggregated value-added by 2030, contributing to Hungary's ascent in the Hungarian National Bank's competitiveness ranking to 15th among EU countries. This ambitious target is now more attainable due to the successful consolidation efforts.
This Hungarian good practice offers valuable insights for other regions seeking to optimize their cluster development strategies. Its success underscores the positive impact of robust government policy, targeted strategic measures, and a commitment to internationalization and service improvement within cluster ecosystems.